TCP/IP, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of communications protocols used to interconnect network devices on the Internet. TCP/IP implements layers of protocol stacks, and each layer provides a well-defined network services to the upper layer protocol. TCP and IP are the two protocols used by TCP/IP, as well as the (higher) application, (lower) data link and (lower) physical layer protocols.
| Layer | Protocols |
| 5. Application | DNS, FTP, HTTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, SSH, Telnet, SSL, ... |
| 4. Transport | TCP, UDP, ... |
| 3. Network | IP (IPv4, IPv6), ICMP, ARP, ... |
| 2. Data Link | 802.3 (Ethernet), 802.11 (Wi-Fi), PPP, ... |
| 1. Physical | Ethernet (NIC), Wireless (NIC), Cat 5/RJ-45, ... |
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